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Cystitis

Pain in the lower abdomen suffered from cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the inner walls of the bladder.In the early stages, it mainly affects the mucous membrane, and in serious cases can spread to the organ layer.

According to statistics, nearly 35% of people (mostly female) at the age of 20-40 face this pathology, it accounts for 67% of all cases of urinary tract disease.

Important! Cystitis is characteristic of both sexes, however, due to the anatomical characteristics, in women, it occurs more often 6-8 times.A wider, straight and short urethra provides easy access to different genital urinary infections.With age, the difference in frequency occurring in men and women is smoothed due to the development of prostatitis cases in elderly men and secondary secondary cystitis.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology are to participate in a urinary doctor.Women often have to use the help of a gynecologist.

Cystitis: Forms and types of pathology

Depending on the presence of internal inflammatory sources, two types of cystitis are distinguished:

  • Primary school - Development as an independent inflammation of the walls of a healthy bladder before;more often found in women;
  • Secondary - arising is the result of other urea or inflammatory diseases of adjacent tissues and organs (for example, with prostatitis in men).

According to the nature of the disease, they distinguish:

  • acute shape;
  • Chronic form - Painful and burning mixed symptoms are characteristic.

In the field of insurance, the disease may be:

  • total, or general;
  • Focus - For example, a cervical shape is damaged in the bladder neck;
  • With the lesions of the triangle of the Laco ureter (Trigonite).

Note!The focus of inflammation may include the entire urinary system - in such cases, cystitis is the first clinical manifestation of kidney disease or pyelonephritis.

With the observed changes in the area of the lesion, distinguishing:

  • CatVrhal - Classic acute inflammation process with lesions only mucus tissues;It comes with severe hypertension, swelling and releasing serum exudate (serum form);In a forgotten case, it may go into a pus form (with the release of pus secretion);
  • Phlegmonous - a special type of purulent inflammation with pus lesions for the lower mucosa;
  • Granulomatous - accompanied by abundant rash on the mucous membrane of the organ;
  • Bleeding disease - an inflammatory process, accompanied by blood release in urine;
  • Intereavage - with the participation of deep muscle layers;
  • ulcers - with the formation of ulcerative sores of mucous membranes of the inner walls;
  • Inlapping - For a long time, ulcers are not overly developed with salt;
  • Cystic - with a cyst formation on an organs under the mucosa;
  • Gangrenous - With the murder of fabric.

Giving reasons, all cases are divided into two large groups of cystitis infectious and no infection.

Infectious They develop under the influence of genital infections and are generally different.Distinguish:

  • Specific pathology - pathogens (mainly bacteria) - chlamydia, gonococci, etc.;
  • Non-specific pathology of the disease is a series of representatives of conditional flora

Note!In rare cases, cystitis can occur to respond to kidney tuberculosis.The disease comes with a clear clinical picture.

Non -infected cystitis - Development is the result of non -biological damage to the mucous membrane of the organ.There are several types of pathological effects:

  • Radial - negative impact on radiation tissue or radio exposure;
  • Allergy or autoimmune - The body's pathological reaction to allergens (mainly personal hygienic products) or antigens of separate tissues;
  • Injury - with chopped or cut wounds, with damage to walls with urinary tract, catheter, foreign body; 
  • Parasites - Under the influence of toxic parasites, especially bloody stones (flat worms);The risk area includes mainly tourists in the Middle East and Central Asia;
  • Heat - with burns, when washing with too hot solutions;
  • Chemical toxins-exposed to aggression: drugs, concentrated metabolites, toxins, etc.;

How does cystitis occur: the cause of the pathology

The majority of cystitis has an infectious nature.The pathogens in this case can become conditional bacteria.Coli, Streptococci, Staphylococci, Enterococci and regular representatives of urogenital-goucocci infections, trichomonas, etc.

However, the aggression of microorganisms is not the main cause of the disease.In order to be successful, the body should be weakened by the influence of external and disadvantaged factors.They include:

  • Chronic infections in other body systems - important tooth lesions, intestinal diseases, various types of acute respiratory virus infections, gynecological inflammation and STD;
  • Vitaminosis and Hypovitaminosis for the platform of unbalanced diet;
  • Physical, worried, overwork, as well as insomnia and lack of sleep at night;
  • strong psychological stress;
  • General weakness of the immune system, including the use of prolonged immunosuppressive drugs;
  • Lower the body's body, the effect of sudden temperature changes - for women is sometimes enough to sit on the cold surface to start the inflammatory process in the pelvic organs, including the bladder;
  • High sexual activity in the event that there is no permanent partnership (sexual practices without conditions and unprotected sex is particularly dangerous);
  • The stagnant phenomena in the work-cradentary work of pelvic organs and a less active lifestyle, constipation often, drums are not completely due to the strictness of the urethra or the tumor of the bladder, as well as the mediological habits of the last time; 
  • Body hygiene is poor or improper - in 90% of cases, the pathogens of cystitis are E. coli, entering the bladder from the rectum;
  • wear synthetic linen, especially narrow, tighten pelvic organs;
  • Abnormal development of urinary organs;
  • injury and surgical intervention on pelvic organs;
  • Acute and fat food.

Particularly, the cause of the disease should be referred to endocrine disorders (diabetes, hormonal drugs) and common fluctuations in hormonal platforms.The second reason is particularly characteristic of the female body, when the worse of cystitis comes with menstrual periods, pregnancy or menopause.

Symptoms of the disease

The first symptoms of cystitis are an increase in urination and discomfort in the lower abdomen.On the other hand, it all depends on the form of the disease and its cause. 

The general list of possible features:

  • Frequent urination, sometimes wrong;
  • Urine is mud color, blood impurities (blood urine) and pus are possible;
  • Lower abdominal pain (can be taken to the lower back);
  • carvings and burning during urination;
  • The continuous feeling of the full bladder;
  • Urine has an unpleasant odor;
  • Eniresis daily or night;
  • Improve body temperature and general weakness.

In rare cases in acute, chills, nausea, vomiting are possible.

Important! This disease is not characterized by temperatures above 37.5 degrees.If there is an excess of this index, it is necessary to check the entire urinary system - perhaps the inflammatory process has reached the kidney.

In women, the disease usually conducts in acute form and comes with a set of classic symptoms.

Men are characterized by a chronic process of fat symptoms, often accompanied by signs of simultaneous diseases of sex balls (for example, balanoposth inflammation or urethritis).

Diagnose

A clear symptom of the disease allows you to give the main diagnosis after talking to the patient and touching.Additional testing and laboratory test methods allow the type and form of the disease, identifying pathogens (with infectious lesions) and the most effective treatment complex.

Tool diagnosis:

  • Echoscopy (ultrasound) - Determining the extent of the inflammatory process, which allows simultaneous assessment of the status of urinary and sex systems;
  • Endoscopy (Bladder endoscopy) - Check the bladder cavity using the optical system of the bladder pipe that allows you to assess the status of the internal integral, identifying possible diseases and pathologies;only done after disappearing of acute phenomena;
  • Cystography is a X -Ray test using the X -Ray contract.

Research in the laboratory:

  • Analysis of urine in general - Checking pH level, leukocyte concentration, red blood cells, protein and uric acid salts;
  • Studying urine sediments for more accurate results;
  • Baksev - To identify an infectious pathogens;
  • Tissue biopsy, followed by histological testing;
  • Diagnosis of PCR-as effective as possible when identifying sexual infections.

In some cases, the doctor may specify an analysis of blood biochemistry - it allows you to monitor the characteristics of the body's function with changes in concentration of the main electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium), as well as evaluate the activity of enzyme systems.

For women, it is important to conduct gynecological examination for the presence of women's inflammation, often the cause or consequences of cystitis.

Attention! Typically, urea is a symptom of a more serious disease, so the distinct diagnosis is necessary for tuberculosis, prostatitis (in men), cancer tumors, etc.

How is treatment happening?

The acute form of cystitis easily and quickly go into chronic, so it is very important to react to the first signs of the disease on time and accurately.

Attention! Normally, after the acute manifestation of the first symptoms, the inflammation of independence is in vain.This does not mean that the patient has recovered - this disease can go underground, and need to be more carefully diagnosed with the body to determine the hidden pathology.

Treatment, as a rule, complicated, using conservative methods.With a competent approach, the result is favorable.Surgical intervention is only required in the most advanced cases.

List of main appointments:

  • Drug therapy;
  • savings mode;
  • rich drinks;
  • Compliance with diet.

In chronic forms to restore the function of the bladder, a physiotherapy complex is specified.

Drug treatment:

  • Antibiotics - in chronic form, choose individual drugs based on the results of bakposev;
  • Diuretics - diuretics increase urine stream, wash diseases and reduce the concentration of uncomfortable substances;
  • Anti -spasm;
  • Prepare vitamins.

To prevent the pathogenic effects of a large number of chemicals, the types are actively used with cystitis, mainly anti -inflammatory and diuretic: stubborn, Lingonberry, kidney tea (Orthosiphon), St.John's Wort, Spray, Chamomile, Parsley.A good effect is given by medicinal herbs based on plant materials.

Attention! Rich drinking with cystitis is necessarily!The minimum volume of pure water is 2 liters.Recommendation-2.5-3 liters.

Characteristics of the diet:

  • Eliminate all types of marinade, sharp spices, pickles, sweets, smoked and fried foods, as well as wine, tea, coffee, sweet soda;Salt from diet should be eliminated maximum (!);
  • Reduce the amount of meat, fish and poultry, especially fat varieties; 
  • Dairy products are consumed in small quantities -Low paintings, yogurt, milk, low cheese and unpopular cheese;
  • increase the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (great priority for watermelon, pumpkin);
  • To prevent constipation in a diet, it is advisable to increase the content of bran, cereals and vegetable oil.

Characteristics of cystitis in pregnant women

Changing hormones during pregnancy creates prerequisites to prevent the work of the immune system, increasing the risk of developing various inflammatory processes.Lower the smallest heat, a little violation of hygienic rules and even normal climate change (the body considers it tension) can cause cystitis.

When carrying a child, especially in the final stage of pregnancy, the pressure on the bladder due to the increase in the uterus.On the one hand, this causes stagnant phenomena in the pelvis and contributes to the development of cystitis, on the other hand, exacerbating the manifestations of its symptoms, especially: Especially: Especially: Especially::

  • frequency of urination increases;
  • The feeling of the pressure in the bladder becomes unchanged and does not stop even after drums.

Treatment during pregnancy is a difficulty due to the ban on the use of most antibacterial agents that can negatively affect the full development of the fetus.Instead, the method of permeability is used - the introduction of antibacterial agents of local action directly into the compartment of the bladder.The procedure is carried out in the hospital under the control of medical staff.

Attention! Cystitis during pregnancy is dangerous for its complications.High load on the kidneys during pregnancy requires continuous monitoring of the condition of the urinary system and emergency hospitalization in case of spreading inflammation to the above faculties.

How to warn the disease?

To prevent inflammatory processes in the urinary system, compliance with the following rules:

  • Avoid lowering the heat of the lower body - not sitting on the cold surface, keeping your feet warm.
  • Eliminate sharp and salty products from diet.
  • Timely treatment of sexual infections, as well as other focal points of inflammatory processes (including tooth decay).
  • Refuse of synthetic materials, especially in the composition of underwear.Avoid a narrow pot area, tighten clothes.
  • With the presence of less sedentary work, take 10-15 minutes regularly with the boot.
  • Carefully observe personal hygiene rules (especially for women) - when washing and cleaning after defecation, all movements should be directed towards again.Lower underwear should be changed daily.During menstruation, it is necessary to change the gasket and tampon as often as possible.
  • Try to urinate on time - at the first call of nature, do not endure - this causes the stagnation of the urine and prolong the walls of the bladder.Natural norms 5-6 times a day.

With regular recurrent cystitis for preventive purposes, you should drink a glass of cranberry juice every day - its obvious antibacterial properties will prevent the disease or significantly reduce its frequency of manifestations.